| Going with the flow |
|
|
Having experienced the
Savuti Channel at its driest, James Gifford was perfectly placed to revisit and
observe the remarkable transformation taking place while the waters are
flowing.
I stop at the edge and stare,
mesmerised by the crystal-clear ripples rolling over the static, baby-smooth
pebbles. It is almost two years to the day since I was last here and the
difference could not be more dramatic. In front of me then was a dustbowl
riddled with a maze of tyre tracks, each one digging deep into the dirty,
grey-black sand like an encrypted message. I remember my squealing engine, its
revs at the max, and my hands clenched on the steering wheel as I ploughed
through the sand in the hope of maintaining enough momentum to climb the
opposite bank – I dearly didn’t want to slide helplessly back into the empty
chasm of the dry riverbed. Although I knew I’d see the river flowing here
today, I can’t quite get my head around the incredible change in the
surroundings. Can this really be the same location? The place, located in the southwest
corner of the Chobe National Park, is Savuti. For the past twenty years it has
been a sideline attraction, perpetually in the shadow of the park’s
much-visited northern sector along the Chobe River near Kasane, which is a mere
stone’s throw from the famous Victoria Falls. But now, thanks to the resurgent
water, it is said that Savuti is about to re-stake its claim as one of the
premier wildlife viewing destinations in Botswana. The Savuti River, better known as
the Savuti Channel, is born from the confluence of the Linyanti and Kwando
Rivers. Forty years ago the water in the channel flowed southwards through
scrubland dotted with camelthorn acacias and silver terminalia until it spread
across the grassland plain of the Savuti Marsh, providing nourishment for
thousands of herbivores. As the rains diminished year after year, the channel
eventually dried up in 1981, forcing many of the herds to return north to the
Chobe and Linyanti Rivers. The subsequent annual migrations of thousands of
zebra during the rainy season from the Linyanti to Savuti Marsh, merely teased
tourists with a glimmer of what this area offered in the past. But now, after
successive years of good rains, the channel is flowing once again. I’ve
returned to see if the animals have followed suit. A few well-placed boulders
facilitate my fording of the river and I swiftly make my way towards the aptly
(but rather unimaginatively) named Pump Pan. During my last visit, which was at
the end of the dry season in November, this artificial pan had been the only
major water source in the whole area. It became a melting pot of wildlife
species, with up to twenty bull elephant at a time thirstily draining its
contents, their dried dung covering the ground in a soft ochre-coloured carpet.
I watched warthogs scurry between the elephants’ tree-trunk legs, scrounging
the undigested nutrients in the elephants’ waste in a perfect (albeit
distasteful) illustration of nature’s efficiency. A handful of tawny eagles
perched like vultures on an overhanging dead tree, waiting for flocks of
red-billed quelea to make their move. When the tiny birds yielded to their
thirst, the eagles would fly amongst them, battering them with their large,
vertically-beating wings. The off-balance prey was then an easy take-away meal
for the swooping predators. Two years later, the artificial pan
is now a natural waterhole, and although it remains a periodic haunt for the
pachyderms, the sheer choice of drinking options has spread the game further
afield. So for now Pump Pan is all but deserted. Rounding the bend, I quickly
discover it is a different story there. Out of the corner of my eye I spot the
flick of an ear between the blades of green grass. My heartbeat quickens and I
edge closer to discover my most optimistic hopes realised in the form of five
wild dogs dozing lazily in the afternoon sunshine. Their sedentary state of
course belies the fact that they are vicious predators capable of taking down
prey many times their size. As I wait for their temporary
lethargy to dissipate, a rustling in the trees just a few metres behind them
causes all ten ears to prick simultaneously. Seconds later, several tonnes of
grey elephantine mass stride purposefully towards them, followed by the rest of
the matriarch’s herd in ever decreasing sizes, much like a set of Russian
dolls. The look of surprise on the dog’s faces is a treat to behold. As the
elephants head for their evening drink they appear oblivious to the canines who
are now fully awake and excitedly greeting each other as if they hadn’t seen
each other in weeks. Before I know it, the dogs are gone, wandering off for
their own nocturnal activities. Despite the elephants’ size, they
cannot afford to be similarly nonchalant with all the area’s predators. For the
drying of the Savuti Channel had a profound impact on the resident lion
population. With food scarce in the dry winter months, the lions became
specialised hunters of one of the few readily available food sources –
elephant. The numbers necessary to hunt down an adult elephant led to the
development of a ‘superpride’, consisting of up to 30 members, and their
legendary and unique behaviour drew natural history filmmakers from around the
world. They eventually split into several factions, and most moved north to the
Linyanti. However, on the final morning of my first trip to Savuti, I was lucky
enough to see the remnants of the pride: an adult male and female with two
boisterous cubs. This time around, it is again the
final day when I catch up with the felines. Although there are no adult males
with them, the pride is healthy and has grown with the birth of three more
cubs. Two particularly recent additions are inescapably adorable, their heads
scarcely bigger than the ubiquitous elephant dung which seemed to cause them
endless fascination. It isn’t just the predators who seem
to be thriving along the flowing river.
Giraffe, impala, tsessebe and blue wildebeest all seem to be
flourishing. And although the larger zebra herds have yet to adapt their
migration movements, there are a few harems who have opted to stay on the marsh
during the dry season. Even more impressive is the prolific birdlife: pied
kingfishers hover over the river; fish eagles perch on dead trees and
scrutinise the flowing waters for potential targets; hammerkops wade through
the shallows; Egyptian geese waddle on the nearby shore; and juvenile
yellow-billed storks entertain with their primitive fishing techniques, which
involve them immersing their entire heads underwater. As I progress further south the
trees eventually give way to the marsh, an evergreen expanse of luscious grass
speckled with elephant bulls. Here the river splinters into a series of
trickling streams that feed a rich ecosystem in an area which resembled a
wasteland just two years ago. The bone-dry roads I had previously used to cross
to the other side were now impassable for all but the brave or foolhardy (and I
was neither). It’s clear that the flowing channel
has had a huge impact on both the wildlife and the vegetation. The appearance
of the breeding herd of elephant earlier was an exciting phenomenon in itself.
Previously, the lack of water had ensured that Savuti remained the domain of
lone bulls – a fact that further emphasises the feats of the lion superpride.
Now it is hoped that the extra water here will attract more breeding herds away
from the congested Chobe River banks in the north of the park, alleviating the
immense pressure that one of Africa’s densest elephant populations has brought
to bear on the environment there. I am keen to learn about how other species might react to the changing dynamics, so I decide to meet up with one of the few people who knew Savuti before the channel dried up. Although you wouldn’t guess it from his modest demeanour, Lloyd Wilmot has been guiding safaris since 1967. To subscribe or buy back issues, click here
“During the late ’70s, the marsh was crawling with game: hundreds of reedbuck, 2000-3000 tsessebe, and huge herds of lechwe,” he recalls. “In 1980, on one game drive we saw six different groups of lion.” I asked if he thought the game would return to those levels now that the channel was flowing again. “It may take some time, but we are still a few years away from last cycle’s peak.” (Flood experts talk of a 20-year cycle, meaning 20 years from peak to trough.) “If the floods continue, it will happen,” he promised. I couldn’t help being reminded of the classic Field of Dreams quote, “If you build it, he will come.”
|
| < Previous |
|---|
|
|